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Recording Content:
This tape consists of a formal interview with Sofia (Sonye) Moiseevna Palatnikova (b. 1927 in Teplyk). (Part 1 of 3. See MDV 688 and MDV 689) She is the sister of Tatiana Moiseevna Marinina.
Cities and towns mentioned on this tape: Teplyk, Dzhankoy, Simferopol’, Trenton (New Jersey), Odesa, Raygorod, Bratslav, Haysyn, and Bershad’.
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00:00:00
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This tape consists of a formal interview with Sofia (Sonye) Moiseevna Palatnikova (b. 1927 in Teplyk) (part 1 of 3. See MDV 688 and MDV 689). She discusses prewar Jewish life in the Crimea, where her family moved in 1930, and in Teplyk, where she was born and to where her family returned in 1940. Before 1930, her father worked as a successful butcher. In 1930, the family was sent to live on the Lunacharka kolkhoz in the Crimea and Palatnikova describes what life was like there in her youth. She attended a Russian-language school in a nearby Tatar village and then a Ukrainian-language school once her family moved back to Teplyk. She also recites a fragment from the popular Soviet Yiddish song “Dzhankoye”. |
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00:11:04
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Palatnikova describes her family life, detailing how she spoke Yiddish at home with her parents and sister. Her grandparents and uncles moved to America in the early 1920s during the Petliura pogroms and used to send packages to her family, but she lost contact with those relatives long ago. Palatnikova further details kolkhoz life, discussing the work done in the fields and in the home. She emphasizes the widespread poverty, mentioning that children had to share a common pair of shoes. |
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00:20:56
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Palatnikova shares her experiences during the war years, detailing how she and her family were in different camps and ghettos, including Raygorod and Bratslav. Among other episodes, she talks about the establishment of a ghetto, forced labor in wintertime, the wearing of the yellow star by Jews, and the memorial that was later built on the site of a Jewish mass grave. She also relates a story of how her family, as well as many other Jews, was helped by two German soldiers. |
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00:28:56
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According to Palatnikova, approximately 2000 Jews were killed in the area, including foreign Jews from Romania. She describes her experiences in the camps, the hard work and frequent encounters with death that constituted life there. She notes that she recieved help from non-Jews, and once escaped to Gaysin, but then was sent to the Bershad’ camp where disease and famine were widespread. Palatnikova also recalls how the rich Romanian Jews in the Bershad’ camp used their wealth to obtain food and assistance, building a “children’s home” inside the camp. She also details the specific strategies she and her family used to survive. Cities and towns mentioned on this tape: Teplyk, Dzhankoy, Simferopol’, Trenton (New Jersey), Odesa, Raygorod, Bratslav, Haysyn, Bershad’ |
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